Problematic Carl Moll

Looking at these unfamiliar  paintings, the question arises: why don't we recognize them and know  their maker?  There must be a story here.

The Vienna of 1886 had more young artists in one place than any European city other than Paris. The Viennese mix of energy, edginess, and enervation was a heady one, with one of every six residents a transplant  from  poor outposts of the Habsburg Empire, people who lacked a permit to live in the city.  But you can't see any of this in The View from Schindler's Window.

Carl Moll (1861-1945) painted The View From Schindler's Window  while rooming in the home of his teacher, Emil Schindler, a respected painter of the day. Soon after Moll moved in with the Schindlers gossip began to circulate about an affair between Carl and Anna; it was more than possible, it was true. 

Three years after Schindler died in 1892, Moll married Schindler's widow Anna. In marrying Anna Schindler, Moll became the stepfather of seven year-old Alma, who would grow into the beautiful, temperamental, talented composer, and much-married Alma Schindler Mahler Werfel Gropius.  Like his much-married step-daughter, Moll's every action excited speculation  in Viennese circles that professed to find nothing too shocking for drawing room gossip and demonstrated their fortitude in the face of delicious scandals.

Moll was  noted for his foresightedness, and not necessarily with admiration.  He helped found  the Vienna Secession in 1897; and he would secede from the group in 1905, along with Gustav Klimt.  Moll promoted Klimt's art and introduced tout Vienna to the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh, making handsome profits on them as a well-placed dealer.   In time he became an early supporter  of Hitler's National Socialism.  Fast forward to 1945, when  Moll committed suicide, together with his daughter Gretl and son-in-law, as the Soviet Army entered Vienna.  We begin to see more things that are not obvious in Moll's paintings.

Of course, we see no forecast of later events in The View From Schindler's Window. When looking at Moll's self-portrait (1906) or the view of his snow-covered studio from the outside (circa  1905) we see a world of calm introspection, of a new aesthetic in painting masterfully applied. His use of oblique diagonals and bird's eye views allows a subtle lightness in his landscapes, an aesthetic of verisimilitude, resembling something but not the thing itself, rather like the Schindler-Moll family perhaps.




There is some flattening of the picture plane, as in the work of other Secessionists, although not in the interiors; they pull us into the Finance Ministry chambers and a domestic interior through a series of diagonals created by open doors.

Many of Moll's paintings hang in Viennese museums, but his work is often absent from retrospectives of his generation because his personal history is unpalatable in so many ways.  He assumed the mantle of all that had been Schindler's as his by right. His supplanting of  Emil Schindler in his family and his art world never sat well.   He was not enthusiastic about having Gustav Mahler join the family, unwelcome on at least two counts as a Jew and as a rival artist.


Far from being a great man, Moll (whose name translates from the German as 'minor') was far from a minor artist. But the work remains, waiting for a time when it will win out over history, as beautiful work sometimes does.

Images:
1.  The View From Schindler's Window, 1886, Essl Collection, Austria.
2. Verschneites Studio on Theriesiengasse, c. 1905, Dichaud Collection, Austria.
3. The Artist In His Studio, 1906, Akademie der Bilder Kunst, Gemaldgalerie, Vienna.
4. Winter In Preibach, 1904, private collection, Vienna

 
5.
6. Winter Scene -Heiligenstadt, c.1904.
7.  View Of Heilligenstadt, 1906, Dichaud Collection, Austria.
8. The Interior Of The Ambassador's Residence.
9.  Twilight, c. 1900, Osterresiches Galerie Belvedere, Vienna.